Definition
A study design that combines qualitative and quantitative approaches in a single program of work.
It uses the strength of both forms of evidence. It connects numbers with lived experience so that findings explain and also make sense to people.
Design considerations. Timing of the two strands, the way results are mixed, the weight given to each, and the theory that frames the choices.
Types of Mixed Methods Designs
Sequential Explanatory
- Start with quantitative results then follow with qualitative explanation.
Sequential Exploratory
- Start with qualitative discovery then test with quantitative work.
Sequential Transformative
- Two phases guided by a theory or a social justice lens.
Concurrent Triangulation
- Collect both strands at the same time and compare.
Concurrent Embedded
- One strand is primary and the other is supportive inside the same study.
Concurrent Transformative
- Like embedded or triangulation but guided by a strong lens for change.
Data Analysis Techniques
- Data transformation where one form becomes the other to compare at the same level.
- Outlier exploration to understand unusual results.
- Matrix development to align themes with numeric patterns.
- Instrument development where qualitative themes inform scale items.
Philosophical Foundation • Pragmatism
Focus on what solves the problem in the real context rather than on debate about one perfect method.
- Values results, consequences, and usefulness.
- Allows freedom in choice of tools and sequence.
- Welcomes many world views and forms of evidence.
- Accepts that research happens in social and cultural contexts.
Key Readings
- Research Design by John Creswell.
- Mixed Methods Research by Vicki Clark and John Creswell.
- Mixed Methods in Social Inquiry by Jennifer Greene.
- Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research by Creswell and Plano Clark.
Local advice. Add Namibian case work where both survey data and community interviews inform decisions in education, health, or agriculture.
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